The film had finished when she arrived at the cinema =
La película había terminado cuando ella llegó al cine
- Formación del past perfect
Forma afirmativa
Se forma con el verbo auxiliar "to have" (en pasado) y el participio pasado del verbo que se conjuga (si es regular se añade "-ed" y si es irregular el participio pasado según lista de irregulares). Se puede contraer (He had worked = He´d worked; hay que diferenciar del condicional que va seguido de infinitivo, He would work = He´d work)
Verbo regular (work = trabajar) Verbo irregular (be, was/were, been = estar)
I had worked I had been
You had worked You had been
He had worked He had been
She had worked She had been
It had worked It had been
We had worked We had been
You had worked You had been
They had worked They had been
- Excepciones al añadir "-ed" a los verbos regulares
Para verbos que terminan en una "-e", solo añadimos "-d"
change =) changed
believe =) believed
Si el verbo termina en una vocal corta y una consonante (excepto "y" o "w"), doblamos la
consonante final
stop =) stopped
commit =) committed
Con verbos que terminan en una consonante y una "-y", se cambia la "-y" por una "-i"
study =) studied
try =) tried
Forma negativa
Unicamente se niega el verbo auxiliar "to have" (en pasado). Se puede contraer (I had not worked = I hadn´t worked)
Verbo regular (work = trabajar) Verbo irregular (be, was/were, been = estar)
I had not worked I had not been
You had not worked You had not been
He had not worked He had not been
She had not worked She had not been
It had not worked It had not been
We had not worked We had not been
We had not worked We had not been
You had not worked You had not been
They had not worked They had not been Forma interrogativa
Solo cambia el orden del verbo auxiliar "to have" (en pasado)
Verbo regular (work = trabajar) Verbo irregular (be, was/were, been = estar)
Had I worked ? Had I been?
Had you worked ? Had you been?
Had he worked ? Had he been?
Had she worked ? Had she been?
Had it worked ? Had it been?
Had we worked ? Had we been?
Had you worked ? Had you been?
Had they worked? Had they been? - Usos mas importantes del past perfect
Para referirnos a una acción o evento que comenzó en el pasado y que es anterior a otra acción también en el pasado. La acción que ocurrió primero es en pasado perfecto y la que sigue en pasado simple (si es al contrario se separa con una coma).
I had (I´d) read the book before I saw the movie = Había leido el libro antes de ver la película
By the time he left the university, he had taught ther for twenty years =
Cuando se fue de la universidad, llevaba enseñando allí veinte años
Donna had just left when you called = Donna había salido justo cuando llamaste
En estilo indirecto
He said (that) he had worked a lot = Dijo que había trabajado mucho
- Otros usos del past perfect
En oraciones condicionales del tipo 3 ( Third conditional )
If I had known (it), I would have told you = Si lo hubiera sabido, te lo habría dicho
Para acciones que ocurrieron antes de un tiempo específico en el pasado
I had already woken up when the alarm clock rang at 7am=
Ya me había despertado cuando sonó el despertador a las 7
He hadn´t been to France before the trip in 2008 =
No había estado en Francia antes del viaje del 2008
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