El estilo indirecto en inglés (reported speech) expresa algo dicho anteriormente por alguien, es decir, cuenta lo que dijo alguien acerca de algo a diferencia del estilo directo (direct speech) que expresa exactamente lo que la otra persona dijo (lo que dijo la otra persona iría entre comillas "...").
"I am going to London next week", she said = "Voy a Londres la semana que viene," ella dijo
Estilo directo (direct speech)
"I am going to London next week", she said = "Voy a Londres la semana que viene," ella dijo
Etilo indirecto (reported speech)
She said that she was going to London the following week = Ella dijo que iba a ir a Londres la
siguiente semana
Toda frase en estilo indirecto debe contener un verbo introductorio, una partícula de enlace y la frase que se cita.
He said (=verbo introductorio) (that) (=partícula de enlace) he walked a lot (=oración indirecta)
Toda frase en estilo indirecto debe contener un verbo introductorio, una partícula de enlace y la frase que se cita.
He said (=verbo introductorio) (that) (=partícula de enlace) he walked a lot (=oración indirecta)
Como se puede observar hay cambios en la oración por lo que podemos clasificar el estilo indirecto en los cambios que se producen y según el tipo de enunciado que sea.
- Cambios mas usuales
- Tipos de enunciados
- Cambios mas usuales
Los podemos dividir en pronombres, advervios de tiempo y lugar, demostrativos, y verbos:
Los podemos dividir en pronombres, advervios de tiempo y lugar, demostrativos, y verbos:
Pronombres
Los pronombres cambian normalmente a 3ª persona del singular o plural, salvo si el
hablante se refiere a sus propias palabras (hay que tener en cuenta quién es el emisor y a
quién se refieren esos pronombres; personales o posesivos)
Mary said: "come to my house" = Mary told me to go to her house
Tom said, "I live in Oxford" = Tom said he lived in Oxford
Tom said, "I live in Oxford" = Tom said he lived in Oxford
Adverbios
·Adverbios de tiempo
Cuando decimos en estilo directo now, pasaremos a indirecto con then // at that moment,
por lo que:
now__ then // at that moment
today __ that day
tonight __that night
yesterday __the day before // the previous day
tomorrow__the next day // the following day
the next day/month/year...__the following day/month/year...
last week__the week before
ago__before // previously
It´s going to rain tonight =
He said it was going to rain that night
He said "today I won´t attend any classes" =
He said (that) he wouldn´t attend any classes that day
·Adverbios de lugar
Cuando decimos en estilo directo here, pasaremos a indirecto con there
here__there
Marta told me, "I live here" =
Marta told me (that) she lived there
Demostrativos
Cuando decimos en estilo directo this, pasaremos a indirecto con that, así:
this__that
these__those
"These are my friends," she said=
She said that those were her friends
Verbos
El verbo en estilo directo pasará a pasado (backshift - siempre un paso atrás en el tiempo) en el estilo indirecto, de este modo el verbo del estilo directo podrá estar en presente, pasado o futuro:
Estilo directo en presente... pasa a estilo indirecto en pasado
Present Simple ---------------------------------- Past Simple
"She studies English" He said (that) she studied English
Present Continuous -------------------------------- Past Continuous
"She is studying English" He said (that) she was studying English
Present Perfect ------------------------------------- Past Perfect
"She has studied English" He said (that) she had studied English
Present Perfect Continuous ------------------------- Past Perfect Continuous
"She has been studying English" He said (that) she had been studying English
Estilo directo en pasado... pasa a estilo indirecto en pasado perfecto
Past Simple --------------------------------------------- Past Perfect
"She studied English" He said (that) she had studied English
Past Continuous ---------------------------------------- Past Perfect Continuous/Past continuous
"She was studying English" He said (that) she had been studying/was studying English
Past Perfect -------------------------------------------- No changes
"She had studied English" He said (that) she had studied English
Past Perfect Continuous ------------------------------ No changes
"She had been studying English" He said (that) she had been studying English
Estilo directo en futuro... pasa a estilo indirecto en su forma de pasado (will ... would)
Future Simple ------------------------------------------- Conditional Simple
"She will study English" He said (that) she would study English
Future Continuous ------------------------------------- Conditional Continuous
"She will be studying English" He said (that) she would be studying English
* Am/is/are going to ----------------------------------- was/were going to
Estilo directo con un verbo modal... pasa a estilo indirecto en su forma de pasado
Can -------------------------------------------------------- Could
"She can study English" He said (that) she could study English
May ------------------------------------------------------- Might
"She may study English" He said (that) she might study English
Must/Have to (obligation) ------------------------------ Had to
"She must/has to study English" He said (that) she had to study English
Must (deduction/possibility) --------------------------- Must
"She must be at home. The lights are on" He said (that) she must be at home because the
lights were on
Shall ------------------------------------------------------- Should
"When shall I have my own house?" He asked (that) when he should have his own house
*Los verbos modales should, could, would, mustn´t y might, y los semimodales ought to, had
better y used to, no cambian
Ejercicios:
Reported Speech (part 1) - Aprende inglés Sila"She must/has to study English" He said (that) she had to study English
Must (deduction/possibility) --------------------------- Must
"She must be at home. The lights are on" He said (that) she must be at home because the
lights were on
Shall ------------------------------------------------------- Should
"When shall I have my own house?" He asked (that) when he should have his own house
*Los verbos modales should, could, would, mustn´t y might, y los semimodales ought to, had
better y used to, no cambian
Ejercicios:
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